Egyptian Government

.	Ancient Egyptian government	Modern Egyptian Government

Pharaoh - Head of State	The Egyptian government was heavily centralized, dominated by a single man, the Pharaoh, who was considered a living god The successor of the Pharaoh was usually his eldest son, who was usually appointed co-regent during his father rule	The modern political system is a centralized dictatorship, dominated by the President, whose de facto mandate lasts for lifetime period The successor of the President is his eldest son, through phony elections and political maneuvers, and is playing the role of co-regent in the final years of his father rule
Geographical Administration	The land was divided into 42 Nomes. Each Nome had a Noble governor, who was appointed by the Pharaoh, and responsible to the Vizier	Egypt is divided into 29 governorates, which surprisingly resemble the ancient Nomes, each governorate is administered by a governor (muhafez) directly appointed by the President, as in the old days
Official Archives	The most prominent feature of the administrative system was the archives. Everything was recorded, wills, conscription lists, tax lists, letters, and trial transcripts.	The national security apparatus, archives and records everything, political activities, private data and personal affairs
Law and Justice	Based on a common sense view of right and wrong - the concept of Maat	A collection of vague inconsistent laws, interpreted according to the phony tribunals common sense and specific circumstances
Taxes	Ancient Egyptians had to contend with heavy taxes, to maintain the lavish lifestyles of the Pharaohs and nobility	Egypt is still one of the few places in the world where the taxes are collected from the poor majority of the population, to maintain the lifestyles of the ruling elite and the bureaucratic government apparatus
Military	Egypt was a relatively peaceful country in the ancient world, apart from a brief period of military expansion during the New Kingdom	Egypt external policy relies on staying out of trouble at any cost, except for a brief period of troubles with Israel during Nasser rule
Commerce	External trade was of minor significance to the Egyptian economy until the Ptolemaic period, it accounted for exchanging luxury goods and commodities for Royal use, with no impact on daily lives of ancient Egyptians	Egypt external commerce is relatively small in volume, it is limited to crude oil exports whose revenue is used to maintain the government expenses, and imports of manufactured goods and cars, used by the high social classes. This limited trade activity and does not affect the daily life of the vast majority of the population