Early Dynasty (c.4000-2680 B.C.)

Predynastic Period (c.4000-3050 BC.)

c.4000 BC. - The formative stage of the Ancient civilization, that began centuries before during the Prehistory. The entire culture would remain virtually unchanged for the next 3000.

c.3800 BC. - Trade within Egypt and sustained contacts with southwest Asia encouraged the development of towns which became political and cult centers.

c.3400 BC. - The kingdom of the Red Land is established in the north, White Land in the south; they are ruled concurrently under two Pharaohs.

c.3200 BC. - Scorpion, a southern Pharaoh, makes preliminary attempts to conquer the northern kingdom.

1st Dynasty (3050 - 2850 BC.)

3050 BC. - Menes subdues the north and unites upper and lower Egypt

Creation of the capital city of Memphis

The divine kingship became well established

Egypt was transformed from a tribal society to a state with a centralized government.

Conquer of Sinai

Culture became increasingly refined

Burial grounds at Saqqara and Abydos became sites of developed mastabas

Menes
c. 3000 BC

2nd Dynasty(2850-2680 BC.)

c.2700 BC. - Pharaoh Peribsen and supporters of the god Seth lose struggle with supporters of the cult of Horus

Horus becomes royal patron deity.

Regional disputes and a decentralization of authority