1st Dynasty (3050-2850 BC)
- 3050 BC -Menes subdues the north and unites upper and lower Egypt
- Creation of the capital city of Memphis
- The divine kingship became well established
- Egypt was transformed from a tribal society to a state with a centralized government.
- Conquer of Sinai
- Culture became increasingly refined
- Burial grounds at Saqqara and Abydos became sites of developed mastabas
The Narmer Palette
- This is an oversized palette 63 cm tall, discovered in the town of Hierakonpolis
- It has pictures and the earliest hieroglyphics ever found, telling the story of the unification
- One side shows Menes (Narmer) wearing the White Crown and grasping an enemy by the hair with one hand while raising a mace menacingly with the other
- The falcon Horus is seated on a lotus, over the enemy grasping it with a rope, this represents the triumph of the Upper Egyptian divine cult over the Lower Egyptian enemy cult Both the King and god have won the battle
- Two bearded men, enemies of the king, are naked and lying dead on the ground under the kings' feet
- The reverse side shows Menes wearing Red Crown of Lower Egypt, and leading a procession of small men carrying banners
- These processional banners narrate the various communities of Upper (south) Egypt celebrating the victory over Lower (north) Egypt
- While Menes wearing the Red Crown and holding the crook and flail, representing his authority and rule over Lower Egypt
- Both sides of the palette are topped with the earliest known depiction of an Egyptian goddess, possibly Hathor
