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Cleopatra VII |
Egyptian History
Ptolemaic Period
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One of the great romantic heroines of all time, she was married at the age of 17 to her younger brother Ptolemy XIII. The force and character of the royal pair was, however, concentrated in the alluring and ambitious queen. She led a revolt against her brother, and, obtaining the aid of Julius Caesar, she won the kingdom, although it remained a vassal of Rome. Her young brother-husband was accidentally drowned in the Nile. She then married her still younger brother Ptolemy XIV, but she was the mistress of Caesar and followed him to Rome, there she bore a son, Caesarion (later Ptolemy XV). She returned to Egypt after the murder of Caesar and the battle of Philippi
She was visited (42 B.C.) by Marc Antony, who had come to demand an account of her actions. He fell hopelessly in love with her, and Cleopatra,
conscious of her royalty and even her claims to divinity as the Pharaoh, Cleopatra hoped to use Antony to reestablish the real power of the Egyptian throne.
They were married in 36 B.C. and had two children:
1) Son Ptolemy Philadelphus
2) Daughter Cleopatra Selene
Most of the Romans feared and hated Cleopatra, and Octavian (later Augustus) undertook to destroy the two lovers.
Antony and Cleopatra were defeated in the battle of Actium in 31 B.C., and, returning to Alexandria,
they tried to defend themselves in Egypt. When they failed, Antony committed suicide by falling on his sword.
Cleopatra, faced by the cold and unmoved Octavian, also killed herself.
Octavian, the Roman emperor, had her son Ceasarion murdered
Page last updated: 15 Feb 2008
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